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王晓杰律师|“偷窨井盖”=“故意杀人”？
点击次数： 更新时间：2020-07-14 17:21:07
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2020年4月22日二高一部出台的《关于办理涉窨井盖相关刑事案件的指导意见》中明确规定“对于明知会造成人员伤亡后果而实施盗窃、破坏行为，致人受伤或死亡的，依法以故意伤害罪、故意杀人罪定罪处罚”。
近年来，因盗窃、破坏窨井盖等行为造成的窨井“吃人”、“伤人”事件时有发生，对公共安全以及公众的人身和财产安全都造成了极大的威胁。仅2017至2019年媒体报道的相关事件就有70余件，在2019年8月发生的“广东珠海两名女子凌晨连偷105 块井盖”以及“固始偷井盖事件”曾引起社会热议。本文主要就该意见中对窨井盖负有管理职责的公司、企业、事业单位进行分析，希望帮助读者理清维权思路，同时呼吁相关监管部门履行自身义务，维护社会公共安全。
The guidance on handling Criminal cases related to Inspection Shaft covers issued by Supreme people's Court, Supreme people's Procuratorate, Ministry of Justice on April 22, 2020 clearly stipulates that "whoever commits acts of theft or sabotage, causing injury or death, knowing that the consequences of casualties will be caused, shall be convicted and punished in accordance with the law for the crime of intentional injury and intentional homicide."
In recent years, the incidents of "cannibalism" and "wounding" caused by theft and destruction of Inspection Shaftcovers occur from time to time, which pose a great threat to public safety and the safety of public life and property. There were more than 70 related incidents reported by the media from 2017 to 2019 alone. In August 2019, "two women in Zhuhai, Guangdong Province stole 105 Inspection Shaftcovers in the early morning" and "Gushi Inspection Shaftcover theft incident" caused heated discussion in society.
This paper mainly analyzes the companies, enterprises and institutions that are responsible for the management of Inspection Shaft covers in this opinion, hoping to help readers sort out their ideas of safeguarding their rights, and call on the relevant regulatory departments to fulfill their obligations and maintain social public safety.
窨井盖类别及管理单位
Types of Inspection Shaft covers and management units
01、住宅区中窨井盖的管理
Management of Inspection Shaft cover in residential area
在我们日常生活的住宅区内部的窨井盖一旦出现质量问题，通常不归市政部门管理，而是需要物业公司进行监督和巡查，物业公司作为住宅区的日常管理者，有义务检查住宅区存在的安全隐患，如发现窨井盖丢失、破损的情况，应当做好提醒和防范工作，及时提醒业主注意，放置临时遮挡板，保障业主的人身和财产安全。
Once there is a quality problem with the Inspection Shaftcover in the residential area where we live, it is usually not managed by the municipal department, but needs to be supervised and inspected by the property company. As the daily manager of the residential area, the property company has the obligation to check the hidden dangers existing in the residential area. If it is found that the Inspection Shaftcover is lost or damaged, it should do a good job of reminding and preventing the work, timely remind the owners to pay attention, and place a temporary baffle. To ensure the personal and property safety of the owners.
02、公共道路区域中窨井盖的管理
Management of Inspection Shaft cover in public road area.首先窨井盖按照使用功能可划分为供电、供水、排水、供热、燃气、有线电视、电信、移动、联通、铁通、交通信号、国防线缆、雨水等。而我们需要根据不同的标识来分辨常见的路面上的窨井盖的管辖单位，比如：“信”即为电信公司管理范畴的；“水”系自来水集团管理；“雨”“污”则由市政；绿化管理，此外还有“热”热力公司以及“TV”电视台等。
First of all, according to the use function, the Inspection Shaftcover can be divided into power supply, water supply, drainage, heating, gas, cable television, telecommunications, mobile, Unicom, TieTong, traffic signals, national defense cables, Rain Water and so on. And we need to distinguish the jurisdiction of the Inspection Shaft cover on the common road according to different signs, for example: "Xin" is managed by the telecommunications company; "water" is managed by the water supply group; "rain" and "pollution" are managed by the municipal government; greening management, as well as "hot" thermal power company and "TV" television station.
03、多家管理难如人意
The management of many leaders is difficult to be satisfied.
智慧大数据，如何融创高成效？
笔者发现，在日常生活中通常会出现以下两种情况：
1、一个管道对应一个窨井盖。曾有新闻媒体报道，在不到百米的非机动车道上，铺满了方形、圆形，大的、小的，各色窨井盖，足足有104个。虽方便了寻找相应窨井盖的负责管理部门，但这样打满“补丁”的道路难免令人心生担忧，在通行过程中都变得小心翼翼。
1、管道与窨井盖无法一一对应。窨井种类繁多，如排水井、供水井、供气井、供电井、电信、移动、联通等通信井，但这些窨井，既没有统一的形式，也没有相对统一的位置，这便会产生窨井内管道与窨井盖无法对应的情形。在此情形下，想要寻找对窨井进行维护的相应部门时就变得捉襟见肘。在窨井的管理方面，通常没有一个统一的管理部门，而是采取“谁需要、谁建设、谁管理”的“多头管理”模式，即由产权单位管理，因此就会造成多家管理难如人意，如下图所示：
The author finds that the following two situations usually occur in daily life:
1. A pipe corresponds to a Inspection Shaftcover. There have been news media reports that in non-motorized vehicles of less than 100 meters.
The road is covered with square, round, large and small, all kinds of manhole covers, full of 104. Although it is convenient to find the responsible management department of the corresponding Inspection Shaftcover, but the road full of "patches" is inevitably worrying, and it has become cautious in the process of passage.
2. The pipeline can not correspond to the Inspection Shaftcover one by one. There are many kinds of Inspection Shafts, such as drainage wells, water supply wells, gas supply wells, power supply wells, telecommunications,mobile,Unicom and other communication wells, but these scenting wells have neither a unified form nor a relatively unified position. this will lead to the situation that the pipeline in the scenting well can not correspond to the Inspection Shaft cover. In this case, it becomes difficult to find the corresponding department to maintain the Inspection Shaft. In terms of the management of Inspection Shaft, there is usually not a unified management department, but a "multi-head management" mode of "who needs, who builds, who manages", that is, it is managed by the property right unit, so it will make it difficult for many managers to be satisfactorily managed, as shown in the following figure:
不难看出这种多家管理的体制看似全面，但在实际管理中却很混乱。由于产权单位之间缺乏统一协调，很难做到责、权、利的明确和有效对位，极易出现十多个单位和部门管不好一个窨井盖，市民发现窨井盖丢失或破损后，不知道找哪家单位的现象。
It is not difficult to see that this multi-department management system seems comprehensive, but it is very chaotic in actual enforcement. Due to the lack of unified coordination among property rights units, it is difficult to achieve a clear and effective alignment of responsibilities, rights, and interests, and it is extremely easy for more than a dozen units and departments to manage a Inspection Shaftwell. after the public found that the Inspection Shaftwas lost or damaged, I don't know which unit to look for.
04、制度与指引 System and guidance
其实，根据《城市道路管理条例》第十六条规定了企业、其他组织或者个人投资建设的城市道路，建设单位应当按照有关的技术规范和规程进行养护、维修，并接受市建设行政管理部门和区、县市政工程管理部门的监督。同时市政管理中心系本市区域内市政工程、水务、燃气、配套以及静态交通建设和管理单位。此外，上海市水务局关于印发《关于本市排水管道运行养护维修分工的实施意见》的通知中，就市属市管公共排水管道、窨井与市属区管排水管道、窨井运行、养护维修均作出了明确的分工。
In fact, according to Article 16 of the regulations on the Administration of Urban roads, it is stipulated that for urban roads invested by enterprises, other organizations or individuals, the construction unit shall carry out maintenance and maintenance in accordance with the relevant technical norms and regulations, and accept the supervision of the municipal construction administrative department and the district and county municipal engineering administrative department. At the same time, the municipal management center is the municipal engineering, water, gas, supporting and static traffic construction and management units in the city. In addition, in the notice issued by the Shanghai Municipal Water Bureau on the implementation opinions on the division of labor in the operation, maintenance and maintenance of drainage pipes in this city, a clear division of labor has been made on municipal public drainage pipes, Inspection Shaftand municipal district drainage pipes, scenting operation, maintenance and maintenance.
05、结 语 Conclusion
但是还是希望相关部门能够充分履行自身的法定义务，做到不推卸、不拖延，多部门联动配合，第一时间确定责任，解决问题，高效地维护市民出行安全、社会稳定发展。
Although the introduction of the "guidance on handling criminal cases related to Inspection Shaftcovers" has a certain deterrent effect on crimes such as theft and theft related to Inspection Shaftcovers, it can curb the occurrence of this kind of crimes,gradually improve the corresponding criminal accountability mechanism for this kind of crime. At the same time, for the victims, the victims can pursue the responsibility of the companies, enterprises and institutions responsible for the management of the Inspection Shaftcovers involved in the case in accordance with the provisions.
However, the author still hopes that the relevant departments can fully fulfill their legal obligations, do not shirk, do not delay, multi-department cooperation, the first time to determine responsibilities, solve problems, and efficiently safeguard public travel safety and social stability and development.
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